1. Mfundo zambiri za kusankha chida chodziwikiratu
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu pakusankha zida zoyesera (zigawo) ndi ma valve owongolera ndi awa:
1. Mikhalidwe ya ndondomeko
Kutentha, kuthamanga, kuthamanga, kukhuthala, kuwononga, kawopsedwe, pulsation ndi zinthu zina za ndondomekoyi ndizofunika kwambiri pozindikira kusankha kwa chidacho, chomwe chikugwirizana ndi kulingalira kwa chida chosankhidwa, moyo wautumiki wa chida. ndi moto, kusaphulika ndi chitetezo cha msonkhano.funso.
2. Kufunika Kwantchito
Kufunika kwa magawo a gawo lililonse lodziwikiratu lomwe likugwira ntchito ndiye maziko osankhidwa a chiwonetsero cha chida, kujambula, kudzikundikira, alamu, kuwongolera, kuwongolera kutali ndi ntchito zina.Nthawi zambiri, zosintha zomwe zilibe kanthu pang'ono panjira koma ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi zimatha kusankha mtundu wa chizindikiro;pazosintha zofunika zomwe zimafunikira kudziwa kusintha kwanthawi zambiri, mtundu wa zolemba uyenera kusankhidwa;ndipo zosintha zina zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ndondomekoyi ziyenera kukhala Zosintha zomwe zimayang'aniridwa nthawi iliyonse ziyenera kuyendetsedwa;pazosintha zokhudzana ndi kulinganiza kwa zinthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuyeza kapena kuwerengera zachuma, kudzikundikira kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa;zosintha zina zomwe zingakhudze kupanga kapena chitetezo ziyenera kukhala zowopsa.
3. Chuma ndi Kufanana
Kusankhidwa kwa chida kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa ndalama.Pamaziko okwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi kuwongolera zokha, kuwerengera koyenera kwachuma kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupeze chiŵerengero choyenera cha magwiridwe antchito/mitengo.
Pofuna kuthandizira kukonza ndi kuyang'anira chidacho, mgwirizano wa chidacho uyeneranso kuganiziridwa posankha chitsanzo.Yesani kusankha mankhwala a mndandanda womwewo, ndondomeko yofanana ndi chitsanzo ndi wopanga yemweyo.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupereka zida
Chida chosankhidwa chiyenera kukhala chokhwima, ndipo ntchito yake yatsimikiziridwa yodalirika pogwiritsa ntchito malo;panthawi imodzimodziyo, ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti chida chosankhidwa chiyenera kukhala chokwanira ndipo sichidzakhudza ntchito yomangamanga.
Chachiwiri, kusankha zipangizo kutentha
<1> Mfundo zambiri
1. Unit ndi sikelo (mulingo)
Sikelo (sikelo) ya chipangizo chotenthetsera imakhala yogwirizana mu Selsiasi (°C).
2. Dziwani (yezerani) kutalika kwa kuyika kwa chigawocho
Kusankhidwa kwa kutalika kwa kuyika kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa mfundo yakuti chinthu chodziwikiratu (chiyerekezo) chimayikidwa pamalo oyimira pomwe kutentha kwa sing'anga yoyezera kumakhala kosavuta kusintha.Komabe, kawirikawiri, kuti athe kusinthasintha, kutalika kwa magiya oyambirira mpaka achiwiri nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa mofanana pa chipangizo chonse.
Mukayika pa chitoliro, ng'anjo ndi zida zamatabwa zokhala ndi zida zotenthetsera kutentha, ziyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.
Zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi chivundikiro chodziwikiratu (kuzindikira) siziyenera kukhala zotsika kuposa zida kapena mapaipi.Ngati mkono woteteza wa chinthu chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi woonda kwambiri kapena wosagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri (monga zida zankhondo za thermocouples), manja owonjezera oteteza ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Zida zotenthetsera, kusintha kwa kutentha, kuzindikira kutentha (kuyezera) zigawo ndi zotumizira zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo oyaka komanso ophulika okhala ndi zolumikizira zamoyo ziyenera kukhala zoteteza kuphulika.
<2> Kusankhidwa kwa chida cha kutentha kwanuko
1. Kalasi yolondola
General mafakitale thermometer: kusankha kalasi 1.5 kapena kalasi 1.
Muyezo wolondola komanso ma thermometers a labotale: Gulu la 0.5 kapena 0.25 liyenera kusankhidwa.
2. Muyeso wosiyanasiyana
Mtengo woyezera kwambiri siwoposa 90% wa malire apamwamba a chida choyezera, ndipo mtengo woyezera bwino ndi pafupifupi 1/2 ya malire apamwamba a chida choyezera.
Mtengo woyezedwa wa thermometer ya kuthamanga uyenera kukhala pakati pa 1/2 ndi 3/4 wa malire apamwamba a muyeso wa chipangizocho.
3. Bimetal thermometer
Mukakumana ndi zofunikira pakuyezera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi kulondola, ziyenera kukondedwa.
The awiri a mlanduwo nthawi zambiri ndi φ100mm.M'malo osayatsa bwino, malo okwera komanso mtunda wautali wowonera, φ150mm iyenera kusankhidwa.
Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa chipolopolo cha chida ndi chubu choteteza nthawi zambiri iyenera kukhala yapadziko lonse lapansi, kapena mtundu wa axial kapena mtundu wa radial ukhoza kusankhidwa molingana ndi mfundo yowonera bwino.
4. Kuthamanga kwa thermometer
Ndiwoyenera kuwonetseredwa pamasamba kapena pamasamba omwe ali ndi kutentha kochepa pansi -80 ℃, osatha kuyang'anitsitsa, ndikugwedezeka komanso zofunikira zochepa zolondola.
5. thermometer ya galasi
Amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamisonkhano yapadera yokhala ndi kuyeza kwakukulu, kugwedezeka pang'ono, popanda kuwonongeka kwamakina komanso kuyang'ana kosavuta.Komabe, mercury-in-glass thermometers sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha zoopsa za mercury.
6. Chida choyambira
Pakuyika zida zoyezera ndi kuwongolera pamalo kapena pamalopo, zida zoyezera kutentha ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
7. Kusintha kwa kutentha
Ndizoyenera nthawi zomwe kutulutsa kwa siginecha kumafunikira pakuyezera kutentha.
<3> Kusankhidwa kwa chida chapakati cha kutentha
1. Dziwani (muyeso) zigawo
(1) Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeza kwa kutentha, sankhani thermocouple, thermo resistance kapena thermistor yokhala ndi nambala yofananira yomaliza maphunziro.
(2) Thermocouples ndi oyenera nthawi zonse.Kukaniza kwamafuta ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito popanda kugwedezeka.Ma thermitors ndi oyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuyankha mwachangu.
(3) Malinga ndi zofunikira za chinthu choyezera pa liwiro la kuyankha, zinthu zodziwikiratu (zoyezera) pazotsatira zanthawi zotsatirazi zitha kusankhidwa:
Thermocouple: 600s, 100s ndi 20s misinkhu itatu;
Kukana kwamafuta: 90～180s, 30～90s, 10～30s ndi <10s kalasi yachinayi;
Thermistor: <1s.
(4) Malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwiritsidwira ntchito, sankhani bokosi lolumikizirana molingana ndi mfundo izi:
Mtundu wamba: malo okhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwinoko;
Zosatha kuphulika, zopanda madzi: malo onyowa kapena otseguka;
Umboni wa kuphulika: malo oyaka ndi ophulika;
Mtundu wa socket: pazochitika zapadera zokha.
(5) Nthawi zambiri, njira yolumikizira ulusi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo njira yolumikizira flange iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zotsatirazi:
Kuyika pazida, mapaipi okhala ndi mizere ndi mapaipi opanda achitsulo;
Crystallization, scarring, clogging ndi media zowononga kwambiri:
Makanema oyaka, ophulika komanso oopsa kwambiri.
(6) Ma thermocouples ndi kukana kwamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera:
Pankhani yochepetsera gasi, mpweya wa inert ndi vacuum pomwe kutentha kumakhala kopitilira 870 ℃ ndipo ma hydrogen opitilira 5%, tungsten-rhenium thermocouple kapena kuwomba thermocouple amasankhidwa;
Kutentha kwapamtunda kwa zida, khoma lakunja la payipi ndi thupi lozungulira, sankhani pamwamba kapena zida za thermocouple ndi kukana kutentha;
Kwa sing'anga yokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tolimba, thermocouple yosamva kuvala imasankhidwa;
Muchitetezo chachitetezo cha chinthu chomwecho chodziwikiratu (muyeso), pamene kuyeza kwa kutentha kwamitundu yambiri kumafunika, ma thermocouples ambiri (nthambi) amasankhidwa;
Kuti musunge zida zapadera zodzitchinjiriza (monga tantalum), sinthani liwiro loyankhira kapena funani kuti chigawo chodziwikiratu (muyeso) chipindike ndikuyika, chotchingira chankhondo chitha kusankhidwa.
2. Wotumiza
Ma transmitters amasankhidwa kuti ayesedwe kapena makina owongolera omwe amafanana ndi chida chowonetsera chizindikiro.
Pankhani yokwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha cholumikizira chomwe chimaphatikiza kuyeza ndi kufalitsa.
3. Chida chowonetsera
(1) Chizindikiro chachikulu chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera mfundo imodzi, chizindikiro cha digito chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera mfundo zambiri, ndipo chojambulira chachikulu chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati deta yakale ikufunika kufunsidwa.
(2) Kwa dongosolo la alamu lazizindikiro, chizindikiro kapena chojambulira chokhala ndi chizindikiro cholumikizira chiyenera kusankhidwa.
(3) Chojambulira chapakatikati (monga chojambulira cha 30) chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi zambiri.
4. Kusankha zida zothandizira
(1) Pamene mfundo zambiri zigawana chida chimodzi chowonetsera, chosinthira chokhala ndi khalidwe lodalirika chiyenera kusankhidwa.
(2) Thermocouples amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kutentha pansi pa 1600 ° C.Pamene kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mphambano yozizira kumapangitsa kuti makina oyezera asakwanitse kukwaniritsa zofunikira zolondola, ndipo chida chowonetsera chothandizira chilibe ntchito yolipiridwa ndi kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono, kutentha kozizira kozizira kokwanira kumayenera kusankhidwa.
(3) Waya wamalipiro
a.Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma thermocouples, nambala yomaliza maphunziro ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito, waya wamalipiro kapena chingwe chamalipiro chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira chiyenera kusankhidwa.
b.Sankhani magawo osiyanasiyana a mawaya olipira kapena zingwe zolipirira malinga ndi kutentha komwe kuli:
-20～+100℃ sankhani kalasi wamba;
-40 ~ +250 ℃ kusankha kalasi kutentha zosagwira.
c.M'malo okhala ndi magetsi otenthetsera pang'onopang'ono kapena magetsi amphamvu ndi maginito, mawaya otetezedwa kapena zingwe zolipirira zotetezedwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
d.Chigawo chagawo cha waya wolipira chikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kukana kwake kwa kutalika kwake komanso kukana kwakunja komwe kumaloledwa ndi chida chowonetsera, chotumizira kapena mawonekedwe apakompyuta.
3. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zokakamiza
<1> Kusankhidwa kwa kupima kuthamanga
1. Sankhani molingana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe mungayezerere
(1) M'malo ovuta kwambiri monga kutentha kwamlengalenga, fumbi lambiri komanso kupopera madzi mosavuta, zoyezera zoyezera za pulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Kuti muchepetse nitric acid, acetic acid, ammonia ndi zinthu zina zowononga, zoyezera zosagwira acid, zoyezera kuthamanga kwa ammonia kapena zoyezera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za diaphragm ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Sungunulani hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid mpweya, katundu wolemera mafuta ndi zofanana TV ndi corrosiveness amphamvu, particles olimba, viscous madzi, etc., ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito diaphragm kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira kapena diaphragm kuthamanga n'zotsimikizira.Zinthu za diaphragm kapena diaphragm ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a sing'anga yoyezera.
(4) Kwa media monga crystallization, scarring and high viscosity, diaphragm pressure gauge iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(5) Pakakhala kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa makina, payenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chopimitsira chosagwira kugwedezeka kapena choyezera kuthamanga kwamadzi.
(6) Pazochitika zoyaka ndi kuphulika, ngati zizindikiro za kukhudzana ndi magetsi zikufunika, magetsi oletsa kuphulika ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(7) Zoyezera zapadera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazoyezera zotsatirazi:
Gasi ammonia, madzi ammonia: kuyeza kuthamanga kwa ammonia, vacuum gauge, kuthamanga kwa vacuum gauge;
Oxygen: Kuyeza kwa mpweya wa okosijeni;
Hyrojeni: Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa haidrojeni;
Chlorine: choyezera kuthamanga kwa klorini, choyezera chopanda mphamvu;
Acetylene: Acetylene pressure gauge;
Hydrogen sulfide: kuyeza kuthamanga kwa sulfure;
Lye: choyezera kuthamanga kwa alkali, choyezera cha vacuum.
2. kusankha kulondola mlingo
(1) Mageji oyezera, ma diaphragm pressure gauges ndi ma diaphragm pressure gauges omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza wamba ayenera kukhala giredi 1.5 kapena 2.5.
(2) Zoyezera zoyezera zoyezera bwino komanso zoyeserera ziyenera kuyikidwa pa 0.4, 0.25 kapena 0.16.
3. Kusankhidwa kwa miyeso yakunja
(1) Chiyerekezo chopimira chomwe chimayikidwa papaipi ndi zida zili ndi mainchesi a φ100mm kapena φ150mm.
(2) Chiyerekezo chopimira chomwe chimayikidwa papaipi ya pneumatic ndi zida zake zothandizira zimakhala ndi mainchesi a φ60mm.
(3) Kwa ma geji okakamiza omwe amaikidwa m'malo okhala ndi kuwala kochepa, malo apamwamba komanso zovuta kuziwona paziwonetsero, m'mimba mwake mwadzina ndi φ200mm kapena φ250mm.
4. Kusankha mtundu woyezera
(1) Poyesa kupanikizika kosasunthika, mphamvu yowonongeka yogwira ntchito iyenera kukhala 2/3 mpaka 1/3 ya malire apamwamba a chida choyezera.
(2) Poyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya (monga kupanikizika komwe kumatuluka pampopi, kompresa ndi fani), kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse kuyenera kukhala 1/2 mpaka 1/3 ya malire apamwamba a chida choyezera. .
(3) Poyesa kuthamanga kwapamwamba ndi kwapakati (kuposa 4MPa), kuthamanga kwabwino kwa ntchito sikuyenera kupitirira 1/2 ya malire apamwamba a chida choyezera.
5. Chigawo ndi sikelo (mulingo)
(1) Zida zonse zokakamiza zidzagwiritsa ntchito magawo oyezera mwalamulo.Izi: Pa (Pa), kilopascal (kPa) and megapascal (MPa).
(2) Kwa mapulojekiti okhudzana ndi maiko akunja ndi zida zotumizidwa kunja, miyeso yapadziko lonse lapansi kapena miyezo yofananira yamayiko ingatengedwe.
<2> Kusankhidwa kwa transmitter ndi sensor
(1) Mukatumiza ndi chizindikiro chokhazikika (4 ~ 20mA), chotumizira chiyenera kusankhidwa.
(2) Pamalo oyaka komanso kuphulika, zotumizira mpweya kapena zotulutsa magetsi zosaphulika ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Popanga ma crystallization, scarring, clogging, viscous and corrosive media, ma transmitters amtundu wa flange ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi sing'anga ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe apakati.
(4) Nthawi zina pomwe malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi abwino komanso kulondola kwa kuyeza ndi kudalirika sikwapamwamba, mtundu wa kukana, mtundu wa inductance wakutali woyezera kuthamanga kapena cholumikizira cha Hall chingasankhidwe.
(5) Poyezera kuthamanga kwakung'ono (kuchepera 500Pa), cholumikizira chosiyana chitha kusankhidwa.
<3> Kusankha zowonjezera zowonjezera
(1) Poyeza mpweya wa madzi ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri kuposa 60 °C, payenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chigongono chozungulira kapena chooneka ngati U.
(2) Poyezera gasi wosungunuka mosavuta, ngati kupanikizika kuli kopitilira mita, cholekanitsa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Poyeza mpweya wokhala ndi fumbi, wosonkhanitsa fumbi ayenera kusankhidwa.
(4) Poyesa kuthamanga kwa pulsating, zochepetsera kapena zotchingira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(5) Pamene kutentha kozungulira kuli pafupi kapena kutsika kuposa malo oundana kapena kuzizira kwa sing'anga yoyezera, njira za adiabatic kapena kutentha ziyenera kuchitidwa.
(6) Bokosi lachitetezo cha zida (kutentha) liyenera kusankhidwa munthawi zotsatirazi.
Ma switch switch ndi ma transmitters oyika panja.
Makasinthidwe ndi ma transmitter omwe amaikidwa m'mashopu okhala ndi dzimbiri lamlengalenga, fumbi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza.
Chachinayi, kusankha mita yotaya
<1> Mfundo zambiri
1. Kusankha masikelo
Kukula kwa chidacho kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za sikelo ya modulus ya chidacho.Kuwerenga kwa sikelo sikuli kuchuluka, ndikosavuta kutembenuza kuwerenga, komanso kutha kusankhidwa molingana ndi chiwerengero.
(1) Mulingo wa sikelo ya square root
Kuthamanga kwakukulu sikudutsa 95% ya sikelo yonse;
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa ndi 70% mpaka 85% ya sikelo yonse;
Kuthamanga kochepa sikochepera 30% ya sikelo yonse.
(2) Mulingo wa sikelo
Kuthamanga kwakukulu sikudutsa 90% ya sikelo yonse;
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa ndi 50% mpaka 70% ya sikelo yonse;
Kuthamanga kochepa sikochepera 10% ya sikelo yonse.
2. Kulondola kwa zida
Flowmeter yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera mphamvu ikuyenera kutsatira zomwe zili mu General Rules for Equipping and Management of Enterprise Energy Measurement Instruments (Trial).
(1) Poyezera mafuta olowera ndi otuluka, ± 0.1%;
(2) Kuyeza kwaukadaulo ndi kusanthula kwachuma kwamagulu amisonkhano ndi njira zaukadaulo, ± 0.5% mpaka 2%;
(3) Kwa kuyeza kwa madzi a mafakitale ndi aboma, ± 2.5%;
(4) Kwa metering ya nthunzi kuphatikizapo nthunzi yotentha kwambiri ndi nthunzi yodzaza, ± 2.5%;
(5) Kuyeza kwa gasi, gasi ndi gasi wapanyumba, ± 2.0%;
(6) Kuyeza kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazikulu zowononga mphamvu ndi kuwongolera njira, ± 1.5%;
(7) Kuyeza kwamadzi ena ogwira ntchito amphamvu (monga mpweya woponderezedwa, mpweya, nayitrogeni, haidrojeni, madzi, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ndondomeko, ± 2%.
3. Chigawo choyenda
Kuthamanga kwa voliyumu ndi m3/h, l/h;
Kuthamanga kwakukulu mu kg/h, t/h;
M'malo okhazikika, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa gasi ndi Nm3/h (0°C, 0.1013MPa)
<2> Kusankhidwa kwa zida zoyezera zamadzimadzi, zamadzimadzi ndi nthunzi
1. Kusiyana kuthamanga flowmeter
(1) Chida chothirira
①Chida choyimbira chokhazikika
Pakuyezera kutulutsa kwamadzi wamba, zida zopumira (zamba za orifice, ma nozzles) ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kusankhidwa kwa chipangizo choyezera kumayenera kutsatira zomwe GB2624-8l kapena muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wa ISO 5167-1980.Ngati pali malamulo atsopano a dziko, malamulo atsopanowa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.
②Chida chopumira chosakhazikika
Omwe amakwaniritsa izi amatha kusankha chubu cha Venturi:
Miyezo yolondola pa kutayika kwamphamvu yotsika imafunika;
Sing'anga yoyezera ndi gasi yoyera kapena madzi;
M'mimba mwake wamkati wa chitoliro ndi osiyanasiyana 100-800mm;
Kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kuli mkati mwa 1.0MPa.
Ngati zinthu zotsatirazi zikwaniritsidwa, mbale yapawiri ya orifice ingagwiritsidwe ntchito:
Sing'anga yoyezera ndi gasi woyera ndi madzi;
Nambala ya Reynolds ndi yayikulu kuposa (yofanana ndi) 3000 komanso yocheperako (yofanana)) 300000.
Amene amakwaniritsa zotsatirazi akhoza kusankha 1/4 kuzungulira nozzle:
Sing'anga yoyezera ndi gasi woyera ndi madzi;
Nambala ya Reynolds ndi yayikulu kuposa 200 komanso yochepera 100,000.
Ngati zotsatirazi zikwaniritsidwa, mbale yozungulira yozungulira imatha kusankhidwa:
Zida zonyansa (monga gasi wowotcha ng'anjo, matope, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zingatulutse matope asanayambe kapena pambuyo pa mbale ya orifice;
Ayenera kukhala ndi mapaipi opingasa kapena otsetsereka.
③Kusankha njira yotengera kukakamiza
Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti polojekiti yonse iyenera kutengera njira yolumikizirana yogwirizana momwe ingathere.
Kawirikawiri, njira yolumikizira ngodya kapena kukakamiza kwa flange kumatengedwa.
Malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zofunikira zoyezera, njira zina zotengera kuthamanga kwa ma radial zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(2) Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuthamanga kwa ma transmitter osiyanasiyana
Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuthamanga kwapakati kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuwerengera.Nthawi zambiri, iyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kuthamanga kosiyanasiyana kwamadzimadzi:
Kuthamanga kosiyana kosiyana: 6kPa, 10kPa;
Kupanikizika kwapakatikati: 16kPa, 25kPa;
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kosiyana: 40kPa, 60kPa.
(3) Njira zowongolera kuyeza kulondola
Kwa madzi omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, kutentha ndi kupanikizika kumayenera kulipidwa;
Pamene kutalika kwa chitoliro chowongoka cha chitolirocho sikukwanira kapena kuyendayenda kwapaipi kumapangidwira, njira zowongolera madzimadzi ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo chowongolera cha m'mimba mwake chiyenera kusankhidwa.
(4) Special mtundu kusiyana kuthamanga flowmeter
①Steam flowmeter
Kwa kutuluka kwa nthunzi yodzaza, pamene kulondola kofunikira sikuposa 2.5, ndipo kumawerengedwa kwanuko kapena kutali, mita yothamanga ya nthunzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
②Orifice flowmeter yomangidwira
Pakuti micro otaya muyeso wa madzi oyera, nthunzi ndi mpweya popanda zolimba inaimitsidwa, pamene osiyanasiyana chiŵerengero si wamkulu kuposa 3: 1, kulondola muyeso si mkulu, ndi m'mimba mwake wa payipi zosakwana 50mm, anamanga-mu. orifice flowmeter akhoza kusankhidwa.Poyeza nthunzi, kutentha kwa nthunzi sikudutsa 120 ℃.
2. Malo otsetsereka
Pamene kulondola sipamwamba kuposa 1.5 ndipo chiŵerengero cha osiyanasiyana sichiposa 10: 1, rotor flowmeter ikhoza kusankhidwa.
(1) Galasi rotameter
Glass rotor flowmeter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito powonetsa kutsika kwazing'ono ndi zapakatikati, kuthamanga kwakung'ono, kuthamanga kosakwana 1MPa, kutentha kutsika kuposa 100 ° C, koyera komanso kosawoneka bwino, kopanda poizoni, kosayaka ndi kuphulika, kosawononga komanso kuphulika. osamamatira ku galasi.
(2) Chitsulo chubu rotameter
①Wamba zitsulo chubu rotameter
Ndiosavuta kuyimitsa nthunzi, yosavuta kuwunjika, yapoizoni, imatha kuyaka, imatha kuphulika, ndipo ilibe zinthu za maginito, ulusi ndi zinthu zonyezimira, ndipo siwononga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (1Crl8Ni9Ti) poyezera madzi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.Pamene chisonyezero chapafupi kapena kufalitsa chizindikiro chakutali chikufunika, Wamba zitsulo chubu rotameter angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
②Wapadera mtundu wachitsulo chubu rotameter
Wokhala ndi Jacket Metal Tube Rotameter
Pamene sing'anga yoyezerayo ndiyosavuta kuyimitsa kapena kuyimitsa kapena kukhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, rotameter yachitsulo yokhala ndi jekete imatha kusankhidwa.Chotenthetsera kapena chozizira chimadutsa mu jekete.
Anti-corrosion metal chubu rotameter
Pakuyezera koyenda kwa corrosion sing'anga, anti-corrosion metal chubu rotor flowmeter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(3) Rotameter
Kuyika kowongoka kumafunika, ndipo kupendekera sikupitilira 5 °.Madzi amadzimadzi ayenera kukhala kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, malo oyikapo ayenera kukhala osagwedezeka pang'ono, osavuta kuyang'ana ndi kusamalira, komanso ma valve otseka kumtunda ndi kumtunda ndi ma valve odutsa ayenera kuperekedwa.Kwa media zonyansa, fyuluta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa polowera cha flowmeter.
3. Kuthamanga kwa liwiro
(1) Chiyembekezo cha flowmeter
Pakuti madzi otaya muyeso ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi pang'ono olimba particles, pamene kulondola si apamwamba kuposa 1.5 ndi osiyanasiyana chiŵerengero si oposa 3: 1, chandamale flowmeter angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ma flowmeters omwe amatsata nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamapaipi opingasa.Kutalika kwa chitoliro chowongoka kutsogolo ndi 15-40D, ndipo kutalika kwa chitoliro chakumbuyo ndi 5D.
(2) Makina opangira magetsi
Pakuyezera koyenda kwa gasi woyera ndi madzi oyera okhala ndi kukhuthala kwa kinematic osaposa 5 × 10-6m2/s, turbine flowmeter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuyeza kolondola kumafunika ndipo chiŵerengero chamitundu sichiposa 10: 1.
The turbine flowmeter iyenera kuyikidwa papaipi yopingasa kuti mudzaze payipi yonseyo ndi madzi, ndikuyika ma valve oyimitsa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mtsinje ndi mavavu odutsa, komanso zosefera kumtunda ndi valavu yotulutsira kunsi kwa mtsinje.
Kutalika kwa gawo la chitoliro chowongoka: kumtunda sikochepera 20D, ndipo kunsi kwa mtsinje sikuchepera 5D.
(3) Vortex flowmeter (Kaman vortex flowmeter kapena vortex flowmeter)
Pakuyezera koyenda kwakukulu ndi kwapakati kwa gasi woyera, nthunzi ndi madzi, vortex flowmeter ikhoza kusankhidwa.Vortex flowmeters sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera otsika-liwiro madzimadzi ndi zakumwa ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe akayendedwe wamkulu kuposa 20 × 10-3pa · s.Posankha, kuthamanga kwa mapaipi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
The flowmeter ali ndi makhalidwe aing'ono kuthamanga imfa ndi unsembe zosavuta.
Zofunikira pazigawo zowongoka za chitoliro: kumtunda ndi 15-40D (malingana ndi mipope);powonjezera chowongolera kumtunda, kumtunda sikochepera 10D;kunsi kwa mtsinje ndi osachepera 5D.
(4) Mita ya madzi
Kuthamanga kwa madzi osonkhanitsidwa pamalopo, pamene chiŵerengero cha turndown chili chochepera 30: 1, mungagwiritse ntchito mita ya madzi.
Meta yamadzi imayikidwa paipi yopingasa, ndipo kutalika kwa chitoliro chowongoka kumafunika kukhala osachepera 8D kumtunda komanso osachepera 5D kunsi kwa mtsinje.
<3> Kusankhidwa kwa zida zoyezera zowononga, zoyendetsa kapena zoyenda zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono
1. Electromagnetic flowmeter
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza muyeso wamadzimadzi kapena yunifolomu yamadzimadzi yolimba yagawo iwiri yokhala ndi madutsidwe akulu kuposa 10μS/cm.Imakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kuvala, osataya kupsinjika.Itha kuyeza media zosiyanasiyana monga asidi amphamvu, alkali wamphamvu, mchere, ammonia madzi, matope, zamkati za ore ndi zamkati zamapepala.
Mayendedwe oyika akhoza kukhala ofukula, opingasa kapena opendekera.Mukayika molunjika, madziwo ayenera kukhala kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.Kwa media-olimba magawo awiri, ndi bwino kuyika molunjika.
Mukayikidwa pa chitoliro chopingasa, madziwo ayenera kudzazidwa ndi gawo la chitoliro, ndipo ma electrodes a transmitter ayenera kukhala pa ndege yopingasa yofanana;kutalika kwa gawo la chitoliro chowongoka kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 5-10D kumtunda komanso osachepera 3-5D kunsi kwa mtsinje kapena osafunikira (opanga mosiyana, zofunika zosiyana).
Chotumizira sayenera kuyikidwa m'malo omwe mphamvu ya maginito ndi yayikulu kuposa 398A/m.
2. Non-standard throttling chipangizo onani pamwamba
1. Volumetric flowmeter
(1) Oval gear flowmeter
Zamadzimadzi zoyera, zowoneka bwino kwambiri zimafunikira kuyeza koyenda bwino.Pamene chiŵerengero cha mayendedwe ndi ochepera 10: 1, ndi oval gear flowmeter angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
The chowulungika zida flowmeter ayenera kuikidwa pa payipi yopingasa, ndi chizindikiro oyimba pamwamba ayenera kukhala mu ndege ofukula;ma valve otseka kumtunda ndi kumtunda ndi ma valve odutsa ayenera kuperekedwa.Chosefera chiyenera kuyikidwa kumtunda.
Kwa micro flow, micro oval gear flowmeter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Poyezera mitundu yonse ya media yomwe imapangidwa mosavuta ndi gasi, muyenera kuwonjezedwa chochotsa mpweya.
(2) Kuthamanga kwa m’chiuno
Kwa gasi woyera kapena madzi, makamaka mafuta opaka mafuta, kuyeza koyenda komwe kumafuna kulondola kwambiri, gudumu la gudumu la m'chiuno ndilosankha.
Flowmeter iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mozungulira, ndi payipi yodutsa ndi fyuluta yoyikidwa kumapeto kwa malowo.
(3) Chiwombankhanga
Kuyesa kosalekeza kwa madzi oyenda m'mapaipi otsekedwa, makamaka kuyeza kolondola kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafuta, scraper flowmeter imatha kusankhidwa.
Kuyika kwa scraper flowmeter kuyenera kudzaza payipi ndi madzimadzi, ndipo iyenera kuyikidwa mopingasa kuti nambala ya counter ikhale yolunjika.
Poyezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafuta ndikufunika kuyeza kolondola, muyenera kuwonjezedwa chochotsera mpweya.
2. Chandamale flowmeter
Pakuti madzi otaya muyeso ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi pang'ono olimba particles, pamene kulondola si apamwamba kuposa 1.5 ndi osiyanasiyana chiŵerengero si oposa 3: 1, chandamale flowmeter angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ma flowmeters omwe amatsata nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pamapaipi opingasa.Kutalika kwa chitoliro chowongoka kutsogolo ndi 15-40D, ndipo kutalika kwa chitoliro chakumbuyo ndi 5D.
<5> Kusankha zida zazikulu zoyezera m'mimba mwake
Pamene m'mimba mwake chitoliro ndi lalikulu, kutayika kwamphamvu kumakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Flowmeters ochiritsira ndi okwera mtengo.Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kukakhala kwakukulu, machubu owoneka ngati chitoliro amathamanga, ma plug-in vortex streets, plug-in turbines, electromagnetic flowmeters, machubu a venturi, ndi ma ultrasonic flowmeters amatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zilili.
1, chitoliro yunifolomu liwiro chubu flowmeter
Pakuti otaya muyeso wa gasi woyera, nthunzi, ndi madzi oyera ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe zosakwana 0.3Pa · s, pamene kuthamanga kutaya chofunika kukhala kochepa, chitoliro yunifolomu liwiro chubu flowmeter akhoza kusankhidwa.
Chitoliro chofanana ndi chitoliro chothamanga cha chitoliro chimayikidwa pa payipi yopingasa, ndipo kutalika kwa gawo lolunjika la chitoliro: kumtunda sikochepera 6-24D, ndipo kunsi kwa mtsinje sikuchepera 3-4D.
2. Kuyika turbine flowmeter, kuyika vortex flowmeter, electromagnetic flowmeter, Venturi chubu
Onani pamwamba.
<6> Kusankha zida zatsopano zoyezera
1. Akupanga flowmeter
Akupanga flowmeters angagwiritsidwe ntchito onse phokoso-kuchititsa madzimadzi.Kuphatikiza pa TV wamba, kwa zoulutsira mawu zomwe zimagwira ntchito movutikira monga corrosiveness wamphamvu, non-conductivity, kuyaka ndi kuphulika, ndi radioactivity, pamene muyeso kukhudzana sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, angagwiritsidwe ntchito.Akupanga otaya mita.
2. Misa yothamanga mita
Pakafunika kuyeza mwachindunji komanso molondola kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zamadzimadzi, mpweya wochuluka kwambiri komanso slurries, mita yothamanga kwambiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mamita othamanga kwambiri amapereka deta yolondola komanso yodalirika yothamanga popanda kusintha kwa kutentha kwamadzimadzi, kuthamanga, kachulukidwe kapena kukhuthala.
Misa flow meters akhoza kuikidwa mbali iliyonse popanda kuwongoka chitoliro amathamanga.
<7> Kusankhidwa kwa ufa ndi kutsekereza zida zoyezera zolimba
1. Impulse flowmeter
Pakuyezera kuyeza kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa ndi zolimba zotchinga, zinthu zikafunika kutsekedwa ndi kutumizidwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito flowmeter;The zisonkhezero flowmeter ndi oyenera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana chochulukira aliyense tinthu kukula, ndipo akhoza kukhala zolondola ngakhale pa nkhani ya fumbi kwambiri Kuyeza, koma kulemera kwa zinthu chochuluka sadzakhala wamkulu kuposa 5% ya kulemera kwa anakonzeratu kukhomerera. mbale.
Kuyika kwa flowmeter yothamanga kumafuna kuti zinthuzo zitsimikizidwe kuti zidzagwa momasuka, ndipo palibe mphamvu yakunja yomwe iyenera kuchitapo kanthu pa chinthucho.Pali zofunika zina pakuyika ngodya ya nkhonya, ngodya ndi kutalika pakati pa doko lodyera ndi mbale yokhomerera, ndikukhala ndi ubale wina ndi kusankha kwamitundu.Iyenera kuwerengedwa musanasankhe.
2. Electronic lamba sikelo
Muyezo wothamanga wa zolimba zamalamba, wokwezedwa pamalamba omwe amayendera bwino.The unsembe zofunika chimango wolemera ndi okhwima.Malo a chimango choyezera pa lamba ndi mtunda kuchokera pa doko lopanda kanthu zidzakhudza kulondola kwa kuyeza kwake.Malo oyika ayenera kusankhidwa.
3. Tsatani sikelo
Pakuyezera mosalekeza kwa magalimoto onyamula njanji, masikelo osinthika amayenera kusankhidwa.
Chachisanu, kusankha kwa mlingo chida
<1> Mfundo zambiri
(1) M'pofunika kumvetsa mozama zinthu ndondomeko, katundu wa sing'anga kuyeza, ndi zofunika za dongosolo muyeso kulamulira kuti mokwanira kupenda luso ntchito ndi zotsatira zachuma chida, kuonetsetsa kupanga khola, onjezerani ubwino wa malonda, ndi kuonjezera phindu pazachuma.sewerani udindo wake.
(2) Zida zamtundu wosiyanasiyana, zida zamtundu wa zoyandama ndi zida zamtundu wa zoyandama ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wamadzimadzi komanso kuyeza mawonekedwe.Pamene zofunikira sizikukwaniritsidwa, capacitive, resistive (kukhudzana ndi magetsi), ndi zida za sonic zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Muyezo wa zinthu zapamtunda uyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mbali ya kupuma kwa zinthuzo, mphamvu yamagetsi ya zinthuzo, kapangidwe ka silo ndi zofunikira zoyezera.
(3) Mapangidwe ndi zida za chidacho ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a sing'anga yoyezera.Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kukakamizidwa, kutentha, corrosiveness, conductivity magetsi;kaya pali zochitika monga polymerization, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mpweya, crystallization, conjunctiva, gasification, thovu, etc.;kachulukidwe ndi kachulukidwe kusintha;kuchuluka kwa zolimba zoyimitsidwa mumadzimadzi;Mlingo wa chisokonezo padziko ndi tinthu kukula kwa zinthu olimba.
(4) Njira yowonetsera ndi ntchito ya chipangizocho idzatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zofunikira za ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake.Kutumiza kwa ma siginecha kumafunika, zida zokhala ndi ntchito yotulutsa ma analogi kapena ntchito yotulutsa chizindikiro cha digito zitha kusankhidwa.
(5) Kuyeza kwa chipangizocho kumayenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe enieni owonetsera kapena kusintha kwenikweni kwa chinthu chokonzekera.Kuphatikiza pa mulingo wa mita yoyezera voliyumu, mulingo wabwinobwino nthawi zambiri uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 50% yamitundu ya mita.
(6) Kulondola kwa chidacho chiyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ndondomeko, koma mlingo wa chida chogwiritsira ntchito poyeza voliyumu uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 0.5.
(7) Zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owopsa monga mpweya woyaka, nthunzi ndi fumbi loyaka.Mtundu woyenerera woteteza kuphulika uyenera kusankhidwa kapena njira zina zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa molingana ndi malo owopsa komanso kuchuluka kwangozi kwa sing'anga yoyezera.
(8) Pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo monga mpweya wowononga ndi fumbi loyipa, mtundu woyenera wachitetezo uyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito.
<2> Kusankhidwa kwa mlingo wamadzimadzi ndi zida zoyezera mawonekedwe
1. Chida choyezera kuthamanga kosiyana
(1) Pakuyesa kosalekeza kwa mulingo wamadzimadzi, chida champhamvu chosiyana chiyenera kusankhidwa.
Pakuyezera mawonekedwe, chida champhamvu chosiyana chitha kusankhidwa, koma pamafunika kuti mulingo wamadzimadzi uzikhala wokwera kuposa doko lapamwamba.
(2) Pazofunika kwambiri pakuyezera kulondola, makina oyezera amafunikira magwiridwe antchito ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngati chida cha analoji chimakhala chovuta kukwaniritsa, chida chosiyanitsa chanzeru chopatsirana chikhoza kusankhidwa, ndipo kulondola kwake kuli pamwamba pa 0.2.
(3) Pamene kachulukidwe wamadzimadzi amasintha kwambiri pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida chosiyanitsa.
(4) Zida zamphamvu za Flat flange ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakumwa zowononga, zamadzimadzi za crystalline, zakumwa zowoneka bwino, zamadzimadzi zomwe zimaphikidwa mosavuta, ndi zakumwa zomwe zili ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa.
Madzi a crystalline, high-viscosity liquid, gelatinous fluid, ndi madzi amvula ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito plug-in flange differential pressure instrument.
Ngati pali kuchuluka kwa condensate ndi sediment pamadzi apakati pa sing'anga yoyezera pamwambapa, kapena ngati madzi otentha kwambiri akufunika kuchotsedwa pa transmitter, kapena pomwe sing'anga yoyezera ikufunika kusinthidwa, mutu woyezera uyenera kukhala oyeretsedwa mosamalitsa, awiri flange mtundu akhoza kusankhidwa.Different pressure gauge.
(5) Pamene kuli kovuta kuyeza mlingo wamadzimadzi amadzimadzi akuwononga, viscous zamadzimadzi, crystalline zamadzimadzi, zosungunula zamadzimadzi ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi flanged differential pressure chida, njira ya kuwomba mpweya kapena flushing madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito, molumikizana ndi wamba. Pressure gauge, pressure transmitter kapena differential pressure transmitter chida choyezera.
(6) Pa kutentha kozungulira, gawo la mpweya likhoza kusungunuka, gawo lamadzimadzi likhoza kukhala vaporized, kapena gawo la mpweya likhoza kukhala ndi kulekanitsa kwamadzimadzi, pamene zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chida chosiyanitsa chosiyana ndi chida chosiyana chosiyana chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza. , ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa mogwirizana ndi mkhalidwewo.Khazikitsani zodzipatula, zolekanitsa, zofukizira, zotengera zoyendera bwino ndi zinthu zina, kapena kutentha ndikutsata payipi yoyezera.
(7) Poyezera kuchuluka kwa madzi a ng'oma yowotchera ndi chida champhamvu chosiyanitsira, chidebe chowongolera kutentha cholipiridwa ndi zipinda ziwiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(8) Kusamuka kwabwino ndi koipa kwa zida zopondereza zosiyana kuyenera kuganiziridwa posankha mtundu wa chida.
2. Chida choyezera boya
(1) Pakuti mosalekeza muyeso wa mlingo madzi mkati muyeso osiyanasiyana 2000mm ndi kachulukidwe enieni a 0,5 kuti 1.5, ndi mosalekeza muyeso wa mawonekedwe madzi ndi muyeso osiyanasiyana mkati 1200mm ndi yeniyeni kachulukidwe kusiyana kwa 0,1 kuti 0,5 , chida chamtundu wa buoy chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pazinthu zovundikira komanso zamadzimadzi zomwe sizivuta kutulutsa nthunzi, zida zamtundu wa zoyandama ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zida zamtundu wa pneumatic zoyandama ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa kapena kusintha mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pamalopo.
Mamita osamutsidwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zakumwa.
(2) Sankhani chida chamtundu wa buoy.Pamene zofunikira zolondola zimakhala zapamwamba ndipo chizindikirocho chimafuna kufalikira kwakutali, mtundu wa mphamvu ya mphamvu uyenera kusankhidwa;pamene kufunikira kolondola sikuli kwakukulu ndipo chisonyezero chapafupi kapena kusintha kumafunika, mtundu wa kusamutsidwa ukhoza kusankhidwa.
(3) Pakuyezera kwamadzimadzi kumatanki osungira otseguka ndi akasinja otsegula amadzimadzi, buoy yamkati iyenera kusankhidwa;kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe sizimawala komanso sizikhala ndi viscous pakutentha kogwira ntchito, koma zimatha kung'ambika kapena kumamatira kutentha komwe kuli, komanso ma buoys amkati ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Pazida zomangira zomwe sizikuloledwa kuyimitsa, buoy yamkati sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma buoy yakunja iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi zowoneka bwino kwambiri, za crystalline kapena zotentha kwambiri, zoyandama zakunja siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(4) Pamene chida chamkati cha buoy chili ndi vuto lalikulu lamadzimadzi mumtsuko, chosungira chokhazikika kuti chiteteze chisokonezo chiyenera kuikidwa.
(5) Miyero yochotsa magetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe mulingo wamadzimadzi umasinthasintha pafupipafupi, ndipo chizindikiro chotuluka chiyenera kuchepetsedwa.
3. Chida choyezera choyandama
(1) Kuti muyezedwe mosalekeza ndi kuyeza kwa voliyumu yamadzi oyeretsera akasinja akulu osungira, komanso kuyeza kwamadzimadzi komanso mawonekedwe amadzimadzi osiyanasiyana oyeretsera thanki, zida zamtundu wa zoyandama ziyenera kusankhidwa.
(2) Zakumwa zauve ndi zamadzimadzi zowumitsidwa pa kutentha kozungulira siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zoyandama.Pakuyezera mosalekeza ndi kuyeza kwamadzi ambiri a viscous liquid, sikoyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito chida chamtundu woyandama.
(3) Pamene chida choyezera chamtundu wa zoyandama chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera mawonekedwe, kachulukidwe kake ka zakumwa ziwirizi kuyenera kukhala kosalekeza, ndipo kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe kake sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 0.2.
(4) Pamene chida choyandama chamkati chamadzimadzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera mulingo wamadzimadzi m'matangi akuluakulu osungira, pofuna kupewa zoyandama kuti zisatengeke, ziyenera kuperekedwa;pofuna kuteteza kuyandama kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi kusokonezeka kwamadzimadzi, chosungira chokhazikika chiyenera kuikidwa.
(5) Kuyesa kosalekeza kwa mlingo wamadzimadzi kapena kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi m'matangi akuluakulu osungira.Pama tanki osungira amodzi kapena matanki angapo osungira omwe amafunikira kuyeza kolondola kwambiri, milingo yamadzi yoyendetsedwa ndi kuwala iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;kwa akasinja amodzi osungira omwe ali ndi zofunikira zonse zoyezera bwino, chitsulo Chokhala ndi geji yoyezera mulingo woyandama.Kwa akasinja osungira amodzi kapena akasinja angapo osungira omwe amafunikira kuyeza kopitilira muyeso kwamadzi, mawonekedwe, voliyumu ndi misa, njira yoyezera tanki yosungira iyenera kusankhidwa.
(6) Mipikisano mfundo mulingo wamadzimadzi mu akasinja otsegula ndi akasinja otsegula osungira madzi, komanso Mipikisano mfundo muyeso wa dzimbiri, poizoni ndi zina zoopsa zamadzimadzi, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito maginito zoyandama mtundu madzi mlingo gauge.
(7) Poyezera mulingo wamadzimadzi a viscous, chowongolera chamtundu wa lever chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Chida choyezera mogwira mtima
(1) Kuti muyezedwe mosalekeza ndi kuyeza mulingo wa zakumwa zowononga, madzi otulutsa madzi ndi njira zina zamakina, ma capacitive fluid level metres ayenera kusankhidwa.
Akagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mawonekedwe, mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzimadzi awiriwa ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mankhwala.
(2) The chitsanzo enieni, elekitirodi kapangidwe mtundu, ndi elekitirodi zakuthupi capacitance madzi mlingo mita ayenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi katundu magetsi wa sing'anga kuyeza, zinthu za chidebe ndi zinthu zina.
(3) Kwa zakumwa zopanda viscous zopanda ma conductive, maelekitirodi a shaft-sleeve angagwiritsidwe ntchito;kwa zakumwa zopanda viscous conductive, maelekitirodi amtundu wa manja angagwiritsidwe ntchito;pazamadzimadzi zokhala ndi viscous non-conductive, maelekitirodi opanda kanthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ma elekitirodi pamwamba amayenera kusankha zinthu zomwe zimalumikizana pang'ono ndi madzi kuti ziyesedwe kapena kutengera njira zoyeretsera zokha.
(4) Capacitance mlingo gauge sangathe ntchito mosalekeza muyeso wa viscous conductive madzi mlingo.
(5) Zida zoyezera capacitive zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi ma electromagnetic, ndipo zingwe zotetezedwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena njira zina zotsutsana ndi ma electromagnetic ziyenera kuchitidwa.
(6) Capacitance madzi mlingo gauges ntchito muyeso udindo ayenera kuikidwa horizontally;capacitance liquid level mamita omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mosalekeza ayenera kuikidwa molunjika.
5. Chida choyezera choletsa (kukhudzana ndi magetsi).
(1) Pakuti mlingo muyeso wa zikuwononga conductive zamadzimadzi, komanso mawonekedwe muyeso wa zakumwa conductive ndi sanali conductive zamadzimadzi, ndi Ntchito resistive (magetsi kukhudzana) mamita.
(2) Kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimaipitsa mosavuta maelekitirodi ndi ma electrolysis apakati pa maelekitirodi, mtundu wa kukana (mtundu wa kukhudzana kwamagetsi) mita nthawi zambiri sizoyenera.Pazamadzimadzi zomwe sizimayendetsa komanso zosavuta kutsata maelekitirodi, resistive (electrical contact) mita sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
6. Static pressure yoyezera chida
(1) Kuti muyezetse mosalekeza kuchuluka kwamadzi am'madziwe operekera madzi, zitsime ndi madamu okhala ndi kuya kwa 5m mpaka 100m, zida zoyeserera zokhazikika ziyenera kusankhidwa.
Pakuyezera mosalekeza kwa mlingo wamadzimadzi muzotengera zopanda mphamvu, zida za hydrostatic zitha kusankhidwa.
(2) Pansi pa ntchito yabwino, pamene kachulukidwe kamadzimadzi kamasintha kwambiri, sikuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida champhamvu chokhazikika.
7. Chida choyezera cha Sonic
(1) Pakuyezera mosalekeza ndi kuyeza kwa zakumwa zowononga, zakumwa zowoneka bwino kwambiri, zamadzimadzi zapoizoni ndi milingo ina yamadzimadzi yomwe imakhala yovuta kuyeza ndi zida wamba, zida zoyezera zamtundu wamayimbidwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Chitsanzo chenichenicho ndi kapangidwe ka chida cha sonic chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi makhalidwe a sing'anga yoyezera ndi zina.
(3) Zida za Sonic ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera mulingo wamadzimadzi m'mitsuko yomwe imatha kuwonetsa ndi kufalitsa mafunde amawu, ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzotengera za vacuum.Osayenera zakumwa zomwe zili ndi thovu ndi zakumwa zomwe zili ndi tinthu tolimba.
(4) Zida zomveka siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zomwe zili ndi zopinga zamkati zomwe zimakhudza kufalikira kwa mafunde a phokoso.
(5) Pakuti lamayimbidwe yoweyula chida kuti mosalekeza kuyeza mlingo madzi, ngati kutentha ndi zikuchokera madzi kuyeza kusintha kwambiri, chipukuta misozi kusintha kwamayimbidwe yoweyula kufalitsa liwiro ayenera kuganiziridwa kusintha muyeso molondola.
(6) Chingwe pakati pa chowunikira ndi chosinthira chiyenera kutetezedwa, kapena njira zopewera kusokoneza ma elekitiroma ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
8. Chida choyezera ma microwave
(1) Pakuyezera mosalekeza kwa kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi amadzimadzi akuwononga, zakumwa zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zakumwa zapoizoni m'matangi akuluakulu okhala ndi denga lokhazikika ndi akasinja oyandama omwe ndi ovuta kuyeza mwatsatanetsatane ndi zida wamba zamadzimadzi, zida zoyezera ma microwave. ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira yoyezera chida choyezera ma microwave imagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kosalekeza kwa ma microwave mumitundu ina yake.Pamene mtunda wapakati pa mulingo wamadzimadzi ndi mlongoti ukusintha, kusiyana kwafupipafupi kumapangidwa pakati pa siginecha yomvera ndi siginecha yowonetsedwa, ndipo kusiyana kwafupipafupi kumakhudzana ndi mtunda wapakati pa mulingo wamadzimadzi ndi mlongoti.Molingana, kotero kusiyana muyeso pafupipafupi akhoza kutembenuzidwa kupeza madzi mlingo.
(2) Mapangidwe ndi zinthu za mlongoti ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a sing'anga yoyezera, kupanikizika mu thanki yosungirako ndi zinthu zina.
(3) Kwa akasinja osungira okhala ndi zopinga zamkati zomwe zimakhudza kufalikira kwa microwave, zida za microwave siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(4) Pamene kachulukidwe wa nthunzi wa madzi ndi mpweya wa hydrocarbon mu thanki umasintha kwambiri pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino yogwirira ntchito, chipukuta misozi cha kusintha kwa liwiro la kufalikira kwa microwave chiyenera kuganiziridwa;kwa kuwira kapena kusokonezeka kwamadzimadzi, kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake kuyenera kuganiziridwa.Chitoliro chosasunthika cha nyanga ndi njira zina zolipirira kuti muyezedwe molondola.
9. Chida choyezera ma radiation a nyukiliya
(1) Pakuti sanali kukhudzana mosalekeza muyeso ndi mlingo muyeso wa madzi mlingo wa kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga, mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe, dzimbiri amphamvu, kuphulika ndi poizoni TV, pamene kuli kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito zida zina zamadzimadzi mlingo kukwaniritsa zofunika muyeso. , chida chamtundu wa nyukiliya chimatha kusankhidwa..
(2) Kuchuluka kwa gwero la ma radiation kuyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za muyeso.Nthawi yomweyo, ma radiation akadutsa pa chinthu choyezedwa, mlingo wa radiation pamalo ogwirira ntchito uyenera kukhala wocheperako momwe mungathere, ndipo muyezo wachitetezo uyenera kutsatiridwa ndi "Radiation Protection Regulations" (GB8703-88) yapano.), apo ayi, njira zodzitetezera monga kudzipatula ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira.
(3) Mtundu wa gwero la radiation uyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za kuyeza ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu choyezedwa, monga kuchuluka kwa sing'anga yoyezera, mawonekedwe a geometric a chidebe, zinthu ndi makulidwe a khoma.Pamene mphamvu ya gwero la radiation ikuyenera kukhala yaying'ono, radium (Re) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito;pamene mphamvu ya gwero la radiation ikuyenera kukhala yayikulu, cesium 137 (Csl37) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito;pamene chidebe chokhuthala-mipanda chimafuna mphamvu zolowera, cobalt 60 (Co60).
(4) Pofuna kupewa cholakwika cha muyeso chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gwero la ma radiation, kukonza kukhazikika kwa ntchitoyo ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma calibration, chida choyezera chiyenera kubwezera kuwonongeka.
10. Chida choyezera laser
(1) Pakuyesa kosalekeza kwa mlingo wamadzimadzi okhala ndi zida zovuta kapena zopinga zamakina, ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziyika molingana ndi njira wamba, zida zoyezera laser ziyenera kusankhidwa.
(2) Pazamadzimadzi zowonekera kwathunthu popanda kuwunikira, zida zoyezera laser sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
1. Chida choyezera mogwira mtima
(1) Kwa zida za granular ndi zida zaufa ndi granular, monga malasha, pulasitiki monomer, feteleza, mchenga, ndi zina zotero, kuti muyesedwe mosalekeza ndi kuyeza kwa malo, zida zoyezera capacitive ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Chingwe chowonjezera cha chojambulira chiyenera kukhala chotetezedwa, kapena njira zopewera kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
2. Chida choyezera cha Sonic
(1) Pakuyezera mulingo wa zinthu zazing'ono zokhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono tochepera 10mm mu silos ndi hoppers popanda kugwedezeka kapena kugwedera kakang'ono, mutha kusankha mita yosinthira foloko.
(2) Pakuti mulingo muyeso wa ufa ndi granular zipangizo ndi tinthu kukula zosakwana 5mm, phokoso-kutsekereza akupanga mlingo mita ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(3) Pakuti mosalekeza muyeso ndi mlingo muyeso wa micropowder zipangizo, kunyezimiritsa akupanga mlingo gauges ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.The kunyezimiritsa akupanga mlingo n'zotsimikizira si abwino kwa mlingo muyeso wa fumbi wodzazidwa nkhokwe ndi hoppers, kapena mlingo muyeso ndi m'goli pamwamba.
3. Chida choyezera choletsa (kukhudzana ndi magetsi).
(1) Pazinthu za granular ndi powdery zokhala ndi magetsi abwino kapena otsika, koma okhala ndi chinyezi, monga malasha, coke ndi zinthu zina zoyezera pamwamba, zida zoyezera zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Mtengo wa electrode-to-ground resistance wotchulidwa ndi mankhwalawo uyenera kukumana kuti utsimikizire kudalirika ndi kukhudzidwa kwa muyeso.
4. Chida choyezera ma microwave
(1) Pakuyezera mulingo ndi kuyeza kosalekeza kwa chipika ndi zida za granular zokhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu, zomatira kwambiri, kuwononga kwambiri komanso kawopsedwe kambiri, zida zoyezera ma microwave ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Sikoyenera kuyeza mulingo wokhala ndi malo osalingana.
5. Chida choyezera ma radiation a nyukiliya
(1) Pakuti muyeso mlingo ndi mosalekeza muyeso wa chochuluka, granular ndi ufa-granular zipangizo ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, adhesion mkulu, corrosiveness mkulu ndi kawopsedwe mkulu, zida nyukiliya kuyeza akhoza kusankhidwa.
(2) Zofunikira zina ziyenera kutsatira zomwe tafotokozazi.
6. Chida choyezera laser
(1) Zotengera zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta kapena zopinga zamakina, komanso kuyeza kosalekeza kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziyika ndi njira wamba, zida zoyezera laser ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Pazinthu zowonekera kwathunthu popanda kuwunikira, zida zoyezera laser sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
7. Chida choyezera choletsa kuzungulira
(1) Kwa ma silos ndi ma hopper okhala ndi kutsika kotsika komanso osasunthika, poyezera poyezera zinthu za granular ndi ufa zokhala ndi kachulukidwe kena kake kopitilira 0.2, chida choyezera chokana chingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(2) Kukula kwa rotor kuyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo.
(3) Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chida chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagunda rotor, mbale yotetezera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa rotor.
8. Chida choyezera cha diaphragm
(1) Pakuyezera kwakanthawi kwa zida za granular kapena ufa mu silos ndi hoppers, zida zoyezera ma diaphragm zitha kusankhidwa.
(2) Popeza zochita za diaphragm zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kumamatira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso chikoka cha kuthamanga kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zofunikira kwambiri.
9. Chida choyezera nyundo cholemera
(1) Kwa ma silo akulu akulu, malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri, ndi zotengera zotseguka kapena zotsekedwa zopanda mphamvu zokhala ndi kutalika kwazinthu zazikulu komanso kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana, zinthu zakuthupi zochulukirapo, zowoneka bwino komanso zaufa zokhala ndi zomatira pang'ono ziyenera kuyesedwa mosalekeza. nthawi zonse.Gwiritsani ntchito chida choyezera nyundo yolemera.
(2) Mawonekedwe a nyundo yolemera ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa tinthu, chinyezi chowuma ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi.
(3) Pakuyezera mulingo wa zinthu za nkhokwe ndi zotengera zomwe zili ndi fumbi lofalikira kwambiri, chida choyezera nyundo cholemera chokhala ndi chipangizo chowuzira mpweya chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-21-2022