Kuyambitsa Zodziwira Moto

Mwachidule

Chodziwira moto ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu alamu yozimitsa moto pofuna kuteteza moto kuti azindikire zomwe zikuchitika ndikupeza moto.Chowunikira moto ndi "chiwalo" cha dongosolo, ndipo ntchito yake ndikuwunika ngati pali moto m'chilengedwe.Moto ukayaka, mawonekedwe amtundu wamoto, monga kutentha, utsi, gasi ndi mphamvu ya radiation, zimasinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi, ndipo chizindikiro cha alamu chimatumizidwa kwa wowongolera alamu yamoto nthawi yomweyo.

Working mfundo

Sensitive element: Monga gawo la kupanga chowunikira moto, chinthu chodziwikiratu chimatha kusintha mawonekedwe amoto kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi.

Dera: Kwezani chizindikiro chamagetsi chosinthidwa ndi chinthu chovuta ndikuchipanga kukhala chizindikiro chomwe wowongolera alamu yamoto amafunikira.

1. kutembenuka dera

Imatembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu kukhala chizindikiro cha alamu ndi matalikidwe enaake komanso mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za woyang'anira alamu yamoto.Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mabwalo ofananira, mabwalo amplifier ndi mabwalo olowera.Kapangidwe kake kagawo kamadalira mtundu wa siginecha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alamu, monga voteji kapena siginecha yamakono, siginecha ya pulse, siginecha yama frequency onyamula ndi chizindikiro cha digito.

2. Anti-kusokoneza dera

Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chakunja, monga kutentha, liwiro la mphepo, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, kuwala kopanga ndi zinthu zina, magwiridwe antchito amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowunikira angakhudzidwe, kapena zizindikiro zabodza zitha kuyambitsa ma alarm abodza.Choncho, chojambuliracho chiyenera kukhala ndi dera lotsutsa-jamming kuti likhale lodalirika.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi zosefera, mabwalo ochedwetsa, mabwalo ophatikiza, mabwalo olipira, ndi zina.

3. kuteteza dera

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira zowunikira komanso kulephera kwa mizere yopatsira.Yang'anani ngati dera loyesa, zigawo ndi zigawo zili bwino, onani ngati chowunikira chimagwira ntchito bwino;fufuzani ngati chingwe chotumizira ndi chachilendo (monga ngati chingwe cholumikizira pakati pa chojambulira ndi chowongolera moto chalumikizidwa).Zimapangidwa ndi dera loyang'anira ndi dera loyendera.

4. Kuwonetsa dera

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonyeza ngati chowunikira chikugwira ntchito.Chojambulira chikasuntha, chiyenera kupereka chizindikiro chokha.Mtundu woterewu wodziwonetsera nthawi zambiri umayika kuwala kwa siginecha pa chowunikira, chomwe chimatchedwa kuwala kotsimikizira.

5. Interface Circuit

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza kugwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa chowunikira moto ndi chowongolera alamu yamoto, kulowetsa ndi kutuluka kwa chizindikirocho, komanso kuteteza chowunikira kuti chisawonongeke chifukwa cha zolakwika za kukhazikitsa.

Ndiwo makina a detector.ntchito yake ndi organically kugwirizana zigawo zikuluzikulu monga zomverera zinthu, dera kusindikizidwa matabwa, zolumikizira, nyali chitsimikiziro ndi fasteners mu umodzi, kuonetsetsa ena makina mphamvu ndi kukwaniritsa mwachindunji ntchito magetsi, kuteteza chilengedwe monga gwero kuwala, kuwala. gwero, Kuwala kwa Dzuwa, fumbi, kutuluka kwa mpweya, mafunde amagetsi othamanga kwambiri komanso kusokoneza kwina ndikuwononga mphamvu yamakina.

Akupempha

Alamu yamoto yodziwikiratu imakhala ndi chowunikira moto ndi chowongolera moto.Moto ukakhala, mawonekedwe amtundu wamoto, monga kutentha, utsi, gasi ndi kuwala kowala kwambiri, amasinthidwa kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti atumize chizindikiro cha alamu kwa woyang'anira alamu yamoto.Pazochitika zoyaka ndi zophulika, chowunikira moto chimawona makamaka kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'malo ozungulira, ndi machenjezo asanafike malire apansi.Muzochitika payekha, zowunikira moto zimathanso kuzindikira kuthamanga ndi mafunde a phokoso.

Gulu

(1) Chodziwira moto cha kutentha: Ichi ndi chowunikira moto chomwe chimayankha kutentha kwachilendo, kukwera kwa kutentha ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha.Ikhozanso kugawidwa m'magulu owonetsera kutentha kwa moto - zowunikira moto zomwe zimayankha kutentha kufika kapena kupitirira mtengo wokonzedweratu;zowunikira zamoto zosiyanitsa zomwe zimayankhidwa pamene kutentha kwa kutentha kumadutsa mtengo wokonzedweratu: zosiyana zowonetsera kutentha kwa moto - Chodziwikiratu cha kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kosiyana ndi ntchito za kutentha kosalekeza.Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zigawo zosiyana siyana, monga thermistors, thermocouples, bimetals, fusible zitsulo, nembanemba mabokosi ndi semiconductors, zosiyanasiyana kutentha tcheru zowunikira moto akhoza anachokera.

(2) Chowunikira utsi: Ichi ndi chowunikira moto chomwe chimayankha ku tinthu tating'ono tolimba kapena tamadzi timene timapangidwa ndi kuyaka kapena pyrolysis.Chifukwa chakuti imatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa mpweya kapena utsi umene umatulutsa zinthu zitangoyamba kuyaka, mayiko ena amatcha zida zotulukira utsi kuti ndi “zozindikira msanga”.Aerosol kapena tinthu ta utsi timatha kusintha kuwala, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ayoni mu chipinda cha ionization ndikusintha zina za semiconductor ya electrolytic ya air capacitors.Chifukwa chake, zowunikira utsi zitha kugawidwa mumtundu wa ion, mtundu wa photoelectric, mtundu wa capacitive ndi mtundu wa semiconductor.Pakati pawo, zowunikira utsi wa photoelectric zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wochepetsera (pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yotsekereza njira yowunikira ndi tinthu ta utsi) ndi mtundu wa astigmatism (pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakubalalitsa ndi tinthu ta utsi).

(3) Zowunikira pamoto: Zowunikira za Photosensitive zimadziwikanso kuti zowunikira moto.Ichi ndi chowunikira moto chomwe chimayankhira ku infrared, ultraviolet, ndi kuwala kowoneka kowala ndi lawi.Pali makamaka mitundu iwiri ya mtundu wamoto wa infrared ndi mtundu wamoto wa ultraviolet.

(4) Chowunikira moto wa gasi: Ichi ndi chowunikira moto chomwe chimayankhidwa ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi kuyaka kapena pyrolysis.Munthawi zoyaka komanso kuphulika, kuchuluka kwa gasi (fumbi) kumadziwika makamaka, ndipo alamu imasinthidwa nthawi zambiri pamene ndende ndi 1/5-1/6 ya malire otsika.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira moto wa gasi kuti zizindikire kuchuluka kwa gasi (fumbi) makamaka ndi waya wa platinamu, diamondi palladium (zinthu zakuda ndi zoyera) ndi ma semiconductors achitsulo (monga ma oxides achitsulo, makristalo a perovskite ndi spinels).

(5) Chodziwira moto chophatikizika: Ichi ndi chowunikira moto chomwe chimayankha pazigawo ziwiri zamoto.Pali zowunikira makamaka zozindikira kutentha kwa utsi, zowonera utsi, zozindikira kutentha zomwe zimamva kutentha, ndi zina zotero.

Kalozera wosankha

1. M’malo ambiri, monga zipinda za mahotela, malo ogulitsira zinthu, nyumba zamaofesi, ndi zina zotero, zodziŵira utsi zamtundu wa malo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zodziŵira utsi wapazithunzi ziyenera kusankhidwa.Nthawi zina utsi wakuda kwambiri, zowunikira utsi wa ion ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

2. Kumalo kumene sikuli koyenera kukhazikitsa kapena kuyika zida zodziwira utsi zomwe zingayambitse ma alarm abodza, kapena kumene kulibe utsi wochepa komanso kutentha kwachangu pamene moto wabuka, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zodziwira moto monga zowunikira kutentha kapena malawi.

3. M'malo ataliatali, monga zipinda zowonetsera, zipinda zodikirira, malo ochitiramo zinthu zazitali, ndi zina zotero, zowunikira utsi wa infrared ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngati mikhalidwe ikuloleza, ndikofunikira kuti muphatikize ndi njira yowunikira pa TV, ndikusankha zowonera ma alarm amtundu wazithunzi (zowunikira zamoto wamitundu iwiri, zowunikira utsi wagawo)

4. M'malo apadera owopsa kapena oopsa kwambiri pomwe moto uyenera kuzindikirika msanga, monga chipinda chofunikira cholumikizirana, chipinda chachikulu cha makompyuta, labotale yofananira ndi ma electromagnetic (microwave darkroom), nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zazikulu zitatu, ndi zina zotero, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito. kutengeka kwakukulu.Chodziwira utsi wamtundu wa mpweya.

5. M'malo omwe kulondola kwa alamu kuli kwakukulu, kapena alamu yabodza idzapangitsa kutayika, chojambulira chophatikizika (chiwombankhanga cha kutentha kwa utsi, chophatikizira cha kuwala kwa utsi, etc.) chiyenera kusankhidwa.

6. M'malo omwe akuyenera kulumikizidwa ndi kuwongolera kuzimitsa moto, monga kuyang'anira chipinda chapakompyuta chozimitsa moto, kuwongolera kuzimitsa moto kwa chigumula, etc., pofuna kupewa misoperation, zowunikira ziwiri kapena zingapo ndi zitseko ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. kuletsa kuzimitsa moto, monga kuzindikira utsi wa malo.Ndipo zowunikira kutentha, utsi wa infrared ndi zowunikira kutentha kwa chingwe, zowunikira utsi ndi malawi, ndi zina zambiri.

7. M'mabwalo akuluakulu omwe malo ozindikira sakuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alamu mwatsatanetsatane, monga magalasi, ndi zina zotero, kuti apulumutse ndalama, zowunikira zopanda ma adilesi ziyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo zowunikira zingapo zimagawana adilesi imodzi. .

8. Malinga ndi "Code for Design of Garage, Repair Garage and Parking Lot" komanso zofunikira zamakono zoyendetsera galimoto, kuti akwaniritse chenjezo loyambirira, zowunikira utsi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalaja odutsa mpweya wabwino, koma ndizo. zofunikira kukhazikitsa zowunikira utsi.Imayikidwa pamalingaliro otsika.

M'malo ena omwe malo ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe ka zinthu zoyaka moto ndi zambiri, monga pansi pa ma electrostatic floors, ma cable ngalande, zitsime za chingwe, ndi zina zotero, zingwe zozindikira kutentha zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Mkukonzekera

Chowunikirachi chikayamba kugwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, chiyenera kutsukidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse.Tsopano kutenga chowunikira cha ion mwachitsanzo, fumbi la mlengalenga limamatira pamwamba pa gwero la radioactive ndi chipinda cha ionization, chomwe chimafooketsa kutuluka kwa ion mu chipinda cha ionization, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chowunikiracho chikhale ndi ma alarm abodza.Gwero la radioactive lidzawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati gwero la radioactive mu chipinda cha ionization likuwonongeka kwambiri kuposa gwero la radioactive mu chipinda chofotokozera, chojambuliracho chidzakhala chosavuta kuopseza zabodza;m'malo mwake, alamu idzachedwa kapena osawopsezedwa.Kuphatikiza apo, kusuntha kwa magawo amagetsi mu chowunikira sikunganyalanyazidwe, ndipo chowunikira choyeretsedwa chiyenera kusinthidwa ndi magetsi ndikusinthidwa.Chifukwa chake, mutatha kusintha gwero, kuyeretsa, ndikusintha magawo amagetsi a chowunikira, ndipo index yake imafika pamndandanda wa chowunikira chatsopano ikachoka kufakitale, zowunikira zoyeretsedwazi zitha kusinthidwa.Choncho, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chojambuliracho chikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yaitali, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutumiza chowunikira ku fakitale yoyeretsa akatswiri kuti iwononge nthawi zonse ndi kuyeretsa.

Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira

1. Lembani mbiri ya adiresi ya zowunikira utsi woyesedwa, kuti mupewe kuyesa mobwerezabwereza mfundo yomweyi;

2. Powonjezera kuyesa kwa utsi, lembani kuchedwa kwa alamu ya detector, ndipo kupyolera mu chidule chomaliza, khalani ndi chidziwitso cha momwe ntchito zowunikira utsi zimagwirira ntchito pa siteshoni yonse, yomwe ndi sitepe yotsatira ngati muzindikire chodziwira utsi.Perekani umboni wosonyeza kuti chipangizocho chayeretsedwa;

3. Panthawi yoyesedwa, iyenera kufufuzidwa ngati adiresi ya chojambulira utsi ndi yolondola, kuti akonzenso adiresi ya detector ya utsi yomwe adiresi yake ndi chipinda chake sizikugwirizana ndi chiwerengerocho panthawi yake, kuti ateteze malangizo olakwika. kwa oyang'anira chapakati panthawi yopereka chithandizo pakagwa tsoka.chipinda.

Troubleshooting

Choyamba, chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe (monga fumbi, utsi wamafuta, nthunzi yamadzi), makamaka pambuyo pa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, utsi kapena zowunikira kutentha zimatha kupanga ma alarm abodza m'nyengo yachinyontho.Njira yochiritsira ndiyo kuchotsa utsi kapena zodziwira kutentha zomwe zakhala zabodza chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndikuzitumiza kwa akatswiri opanga zida zoyeretsera kuti azitsuka ndikuyikanso.

Chachiwiri, alamu yabodza imapangidwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dera la utsi kapena kutentha kwa detector palokha.Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikusintha utsi watsopano kapena chowunikira kutentha.

Chachitatu ndi chakuti alamu yabodza imachitika chifukwa cha dera lalifupi mu mzere wa utsi kapena chowunikira kutentha.Njira yoyendetsera ndiyo kuyang'ana mzere wokhudzana ndi malo olakwika, ndikupeza chigawo chachifupi chokonzekera.